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Use the given expressions to form an equation for x. Identify the relationship between ∠1 and ∠3, as well as ∠2 and ∠4 by analyzing their positions.
x=19 | |
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m∠1=3x+14 | m∠2=6x−5 |
m∠1=3(19)+14 | m∠2=6(19)−5 |
m∠1=57+14 | m∠2=114−5 |
m∠1=71∘ | m∠2=109∘ |
Consider two parallel lines cut by a transversal. The applet shows a pair of corresponding angles, ∠A and ∠B. Is it possible to translate one line so that one of these angles maps onto another?
The observed relation between corresponding angles is presented and proven in the following theorem.
If ℓ1∥ℓ2, then ∠1≅∠5, ∠2≅∠6, ∠3≅∠7, and ∠4≅∠8.
Note that the converse statement is also true.
If ∠1≅∠5, ∠2≅∠6, ∠3≅∠7, or ∠4≅∠8, then ℓ1∥ℓ2.
This theorem can be proven by an indirect proof. Let ℓ1 and ℓ2 be two lines intersected by a transversal line ℓ3 forming corresponding congruent angles ∠1 and ∠2.
Since the goal is to prove that ℓ1 is parallel to ℓ2, it will be temporarily assumed that ℓ1 and ℓ2 are not parallel.In a Flowerland Village house, there are stairs with hand railings like shown in the diagram. The measures of ∠1 and ∠2 are expressed as 5t−2 and 4t+12, respectively.
What are the measures of ∠1 and ∠2?How do measures of ∠1 and ∠2 relate to each other? Use the given expressions to form an equation for t.
Like corresponding angles, alternate interior angles are also formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
The converse statement is also true.
If ∠1≅∠2 or ∠3≅∠4, then ℓ1∥ℓ2.
The proof will be based on the given diagram, but it holds true for any pair of lines cut by a transversal. Consider only one pair of congruent alternate interior angles and one more angle.
It needs to be proven that ℓ1 and ℓ2 are parallel lines. It is already given that ∠1 is congruent to ∠2.
Converse Corresponding Angles Theorem |
If two lines are cut by a transversal so that the corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel. |
Since ∠1 and ∠α are corresponding congruent angles, then ℓ1 and ℓ2 are parallel lines. To summarize, all of the steps will be described in a two-column proof.
Statement | Reason |
∠1≅∠2 | Given |
∠2≅∠α | Vertical Angles Theorem |
∠1≅∠α | Transitive Property of Congruence |
ℓ1∥ℓ2 | Converse Corresponding Angles Theorem |
Similar properties can be discovered for alternate exterior angles.
If ∠1≅∠2 or ∠3≅∠4, then ℓ1∥ℓ2.
The proof will be based on the given diagram, but it holds true for any pair of lines cut by a transversal. Consider only one pair of congruent alternate exterior angles and one more angle.
It needs to be proven that ℓ1 and ℓ2 are parallel lines. It is already given that ∠1 is congruent to ∠2.
Converse Corresponding Angles Theorem |
If two lines are cut by a transversal so that the corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel. |
Since ∠1 and ∠α are corresponding congruent angles, ℓ1 and ℓ2 are parallel lines. Each step of the proof will now be summarized in a two-column proof.
Statement | Reason |
∠1≅∠2 | Given |
∠2≅∠α | Vertical Angles Theorem |
∠1≅∠α | Transitive Property of Congruence |
ℓ1∥ℓ2 | Converse Corresponding Angles Theorem |
In order to build Tulip Street on the south side of the Lilian river, which goes through Flowerland Village, there is a need to build a bridge. Devontay, an architect, proposed the following plan for the bridge.
It is known that the measure of ∠1 is equal to 4a+11 and the measure of ∠2 is equal to 8a−53. What are the measures of ∠1 and ∠2?
How do the measures of ∠1 and ∠2 relate to each other? Use the given expressions to form an equation for a.
By analyzing the diagram it can be noted that ∠1 and ∠2 are alternate interior angles.
Therefore, by the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, these angles are congruent. Hence, the measures of these angles are the same.m∠1=4a+11, m∠2=8a−53
LHS−4a=RHS−4a
LHS+53=RHS+53
LHS/4=RHS/4
Rearrange equation
Any point on a perpendicular bisector of a line segment is equidistant from the endpoints of the line segment.
Based on the characteristics of the diagram, CM is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Therefore, C is equidistant from A and B.
AC=BC
Suppose CM is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Then M is the midpoint of AB.
Consider a triangle with vertices A, M, and C, and another triangle with vertices and B, M, and C.
Both △ACM and △BCM have a right angle and congruent legs AM and BM. Since all right angles are congruent, ∠AMC≅∠BMC. Furthermore, by the Reflexive Property of Congruence, CM is congruent to itself.
By the Side-Angle-Side Congruence Theorem, the triangles are congruent. Therefore, since corresponding parts of congruent figures are congruent, their hypotenuses AC and BC are also congruent. By the definition of congruent segments, AC and BC have the same length. This means that C is equidistant from A and B.
Using this reasoning it can be proven that any point on a perpendicular bisector is equidistant from the endpoints of the segment.
The proof can be summarized in the following two-column table.
Statements | Reasons |
AM≅MB ∠AMC and ∠BMC are right angles |
Definition of a perpendicular bisector. |
∠AMC≅∠BMC | All right angles are congruent. |
CM≅CM | Reflexive Property of Congruence. |
△ACM≅△BCM | SAS Congruence Theorem. |
AC≅BC | Corresponding parts of congruent figures are congruent. |
AC=BC | Definition of congruent segments. |
Suppose CM is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
Using the given points A, B, C, and M as vertices, two triangles can be formed. The resulting triangles, △ACM and △BCM, can be proven to be congruent by identifying a congruence transformation that maps one triangle onto the other.
Since AM and BM are congruent, the distance between A and M is equal to the distance between B and M. Therefore, A is the image of B after a reflection across CM.Reflection Across CM | |
---|---|
Preimage | Image |
B | A |
C | C |
M | M |
AC=CB⇓CM⊥AB and AM=MB
Consider AB and a point C equidistant from A and B.
To prove that C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB, it will be shown that the line perpendicular to AB through C bisects AB. If M is the point of intersection between the line and the segment, it must be proven that AM=MB.Additionally, it was already known that CM and AB are perpendicular.
CM⊥AB and AM=MB
By the definition of a perpendicular bisector, CM is the perpendicular bisector of AB. Therefore, C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
In Flowerland Village, there are two related families, Funnystongs and Cleverstongs, who live opposite each other. Mr. Funnystong and Mr. Cleverstong want to pave a road between the houses so that every point of the road is equidistant to their houses.
If the houses are 16 meters away, how far from the houses and along what line should the road be paved?Distance: 8 meters from each house.
Direction: Along the perpendicular bisector to the segment with endpoints at the houses.
What does the the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem state?
Recall what the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem states.
Any point on a perpendicular bisector is equidistant from the endpoints of the line segment.
With this theorem in mind, the position of the road can be determined. To do so, draw a segment whose endpoints are located at the houses.
Before drawing the perpendicular bisector of this segment, its midpoint should be found. Since the distance between the houses is 16 meters, the perpendicular bisector will pass through a point that is 216=8 meters away from the houses.
Based on the theorem, it can be said that each point on the bisector is equidistant from the houses. Therefore, the road between the houses should be paved along the segment's perpendicular bisector.