1. Translations
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T_(⟨1, - 3⟩)(x,y)
We can see that we moved right 1 unit and down 3 units to get from the preimage to the image. Now, remember that horizontal translations affect the x-coordinate and vertical translations affect the y-coordinate. Let's finally write a rule for the transformation. (x + 1,y - 3) → T_(⟨ 1, - 3⟩)(x,y)