Exercise 35 Page 339

We want to solve an equation involving more than one logarithm. To do so, we will use the Product Property of Logarithms. log_b mn = log_b m + log_b n First, we will isolate the logarithm that contains the variable. Then, we can use the above property to isolate the variable from the logarithm. Note that the property holds also for the natural logarithm. Next, we will use the fact that if two equivalent logarithmic expressions have the same base, then the arguments must be equal. log_b x=log_b y ⇔ x= y Let's apply the above property to our equation and then simplify the equation.

ln (x^2+3x) = ln e^4

Equate arguments

x^2+3x = e^4

SubEqn

LHS-e^4=RHS-e^4

x^2+3x-e^4=0

We will use the Quadratic Formula to solve the given quadratic equation. ax^2+ bx+ c=0 ⇕ x=- b± sqrt(b^2-4 a c)/2 a We first need to identify the values of a, b, and c. x^2+3x-e^4=0 ⇕ 1x^2+ 3x+( - e^4)=0 We see that a= 1, b= 3, and c= - e^4. Let's substitute these values into the Quadratic Formula.

x=- b±sqrt(b^2-4ac)/2a

SubstituteValues

Substitute values

x=- 3±sqrt(3^2-4( 1)( - e^4))/2( 1)

▼

Solve for x and Simplify

CalcPow

Calculate power

x=-3±sqrt(9-4(1)(- e^4))/2(1)

MultByOne

a * 1=a

x=-3±sqrt(9-4(- e^4))/2

MultNegNegOnePar

- a(- b)=a* b

x=-3±sqrt(9+4e^4)/2

Using the Quadratic Formula, we found that the solutions of the given equation are x= -3 ± sqrt(9+4e^4)2. Therefore, the exact solutions are x_1= -3 +sqrt(9+4e^4)2 and x_2= -3 - sqrt(9+4e^4)2. Let's use a calculator to approximate these values. x_1 & = -3 + sqrt(9+4e^4)/2 ≈ 6.04 x_2 & =-3 - sqrt(9+4e^4)/2 ≈ - 9.04 To check for extraneous solutions, we will substitute both 6.04 and - 9.04 for x in the given equation one at a time.

ln x + ln(x+3) = 4

Substitute

x= 6.04

ln 6.04 + ln( 6.04+3) ? = 4

AddTerms

Add terms

ln 6.04 + ln 9.04 ? = 4

Calculate logarithm

1.798 + 2.202 ? = 4

AddTerms

Add terms

4 = 4 ✓

Since substituting 6.04 for x in the given equation produces a true statement is a solution to our equation. Let's now check x=-9.04.

ln x + ln(x+3) = 4

Substitute

x= -9.04

ln ( -9.04) + ln( -9.04+3) ? = 4

AddTerms

Add terms

ln (-9.04) + ln(-6.04) ? = 4 *

The argument of a logarithmic function cannot be negative, so both ln (-9.04) and ln(-6.04) are undefined, and -9.04 is an extraneous solution.