Exercise 18 Page 678

We will begin by determining whether the given dilation from figure $W$ to $W^{\prime }$ is an enlargement or a reduction. Then we can find the value of $x$ and the scale factor of the dilation.

Type of Dilation

If the image is $\text{larger}$ than the preimage, the dilation was an $\text{enlargement}.$ If the image is $\text{smaller}$ than the preimage, the dilation was a $\text{reduction}.$

We can see that the image $W^{\prime }$ is smaller than than the preimage $W,$ so this dilation is a reduction.

Finding $x$ and $k$