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5. Divide Decimals
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Chapter 3
5. 

Divide Decimals

This lesson focuses on teaching the methods for dividing decimals, a crucial skill in mathematics. It introduces the concept of compatible numbers, which are numbers that make mental calculations easier. For instance, if you're trying to divide 612 by 9, rounding 612 to 600 makes the math simpler. The lesson also delves into the traditional method of long division for more complex calculations. These techniques are particularly useful in everyday scenarios where quick mental math is needed, such as calculating discounts or splitting bills. Whether you're a student looking to improve your math skills or an adult wanting to make everyday calculations easier, this lesson offers valuable insights.
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9 Theory slides
10 Exercises - Grade E - A
Each lesson is meant to take 1-2 classroom sessions
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Divide Decimals
Slide of 9
Dividing decimals is similar to dividing whole numbers. The difference is that a decimal point is in play. It is crucial to understand where to place it within the quotient. The methods for dividing decimals will be developed in this lesson.

Catch-Up and Review

Here are a few recommended readings before getting started with this lesson.

Challenge

LaShay's Piggy Bank

LaShay is fascinated by numbers and how she can buy her favorite things. She is currently saving money to buy a used 4K drone.

Piggy bank

Help LaShay answer the following questions to support her math skills. Doing so will help her improve her saving plan.

a How many one-hundred dollar bills does she need to make $3000?
b How many ten dollar bills does she need to make $300?
c How many dimes does she need to make $3?
d How many pennies does she need to make $0.3?
Discussion

Compatible Numbers

Compatible numbers are numbers that help make doing mental math more manageable. They are typically used to estimate quotients. Consider finding the estimation of the following quotient. 612 ÷ 9 It might seem difficult to divide these numbers using mental math. However, both numbers can be rounded to compatible numbers — 612 to 600 and 9 to 10. An estimate for 612 ÷ 9 is then found by mentally dividing 600 by 10, which is equal to 60. That means the given quotient is estimated to be about 60.
Using compatible numbers 600 and 10 to estimate the given quotient
The compatible numbers previously chosen are not the only options. Any numbers easily divisible and close to the original numbers are worth exploring. For example, rather than rounding 612 to 600, try 630. Notice that 63 is a multiple of 9. This makes 630 evenly divisible by 9. The estimate for the quotient is then 630÷ 9 = 70.
Using compatible numbers 630 and 9 to estimate the given quotient
Compatible numbers are not used to get precise answers. They are used to get quick and rough approximations. The pairs of numbers in the multiplication table are also compatible numbers. This is why it is a good habit to choose a pair from the multiplication table when calculating a quotient. The following table shows some compatible numbers for different quotients.
Quotients Exact Value Use Compatible Numbers Estimate
615 ÷ 8 76.875 640 ÷ 8 80
36 ÷ 11.25 3.2 36 ÷ 12 3
52.82 ÷ 4.75 11.12 50 ÷ 5 10
Keep in mind that the estimates hold value as they are close to the exact values of the quotients.
Example

Estimating the Number of Dimes in Piggy Bank

LaShay decides to use one of the all-time classic methods of saving money — a piggy bank! She then weighs it. All of the coins in the bank add up to 137.79 grams.

Piggy bank
There is something interesting about LaShay's piggy bank. LaShay is nit-picky about what coins she puts in the bank — only dimes! The weight of one dime is 2.27 grams. Use compatible numbers to estimate the number of dimes in the piggy bank.

Hint

Divide the total weight of all the money in the piggy bank by the weight of a dime. Then, round the weight of a dime to a whole number.

Solution

The total weight of all the money in the piggy bank should be divided by the weight of one dime to find the exact number of the dimes. 137.79 ÷ 2.27 This quotient can be estimated using compatible numbers. First, round the divisor to a whole number. The digit in the tenths place is 2, which is less than 5. This is why the divisor is rounded to 2. 137.79 & ÷& 2. 27 & & ↓ & & 2 Recall that compatible numbers are numbers that make doing mental math more straightforward. One way to know that the numbers will be compatible is to round the dividend to a number that is a multiple of 2. In this case, it can be 140 because it is close to 137.79 and it is a multiple of 2. 137.79 & ÷& 2.27 ↓ & & ↓ 140 & ÷ & 2 The quotient of 140 and 2 is 70. LaShay's now knows that her piggy bank contains about 70.

Discussion

Dividing Decimals

The process of dividing decimals is similar to the process of dividing whole numbers using long division. What differentiates these processes is how the decimal point is placed when dividing decimals. Consider dividing the following decimal numbers. 58.46 ÷ 3.7 The following steps can be followed to divide the decimals.
1
Multiply the Divisor and the Dividend by the Same Power of 10
expand_more

When dividing decimals, the divisor is changed to a whole number. This requires multiplying the divisor and the dividend by the same power of 10. First, write the division using long division notation. The dividend is 58.46 and the divisor is 3.7.

In this case, the divisor must be multiplied by 10^1 so that the decimal point moves to the right and the divisor becomes a whole number. The dividend is also multiplied by the same power of 10.
2
Divide in the Same Way as Dividing Whole Numbers
expand_more

Start by dividing the whole number part of the dividend by the divisor.

3
Place the Decimal Point and Continue the Division
expand_more
Now place the decimal point in the quotient above the decimal point in the dividend. Then bring down the digit in the tenths place and continue dividing as usual.
The quotient of 58.46 and 3.7 is 15.8.
Example

How Many Hours Should LaShay Work?

LaShay needs $279.99 to buy the drone. She has already saved $125.75 up to this point. She then decided to mow her neighbor's lawn to make the rest of money she needs. Her neighbor agrees to pay her $9.25 per hour.

Girl-lawn-mowing.jpg

a Estimate the number of hours LaShay needs to work to earn enough to buy the drone.
b Find the exact number of hours. Round the answer to one decimal place.

Hint
a Subtract the amount that LaShay saved from the price of the drone. Use compatible numbers to estimate the quotient of the difference and 9.25.
b Start by converting the divisor into a whole number. Use the standard division algorithm to divide the decimals.

Solution
a Start by finding the amount LaShay needs. It is the difference between the price of the drone, $279.99, and the amount LaShay has saved, $125.75.

cr & 2 7 9 . 9 9 - & 1 2 5 . 7 5 & 1 5 4 . 2 4 The number of hours LaShay needs to work to earn this difference can be found by dividing it by the hourly wage, 9.25. 154.24 ÷ 9.25 Compatible numbers will be used to estimate the quotient. First, round the divisor to a whole number. For 9.25, the digit in the tenths place is 2, which is less than 5. This is why 9.25 is rounded to 9. 154.24 & ÷ & 9.25 & & ↓ & & 9 Find a number that is compatible with 9. This means that the number should be a multiple of 9 and close to 154.24. It can be either 90 or 180. Since 180 is closer, the dividend can be replaced with 180. 154.24 & ÷ & 9.25 & ↓ & & ↓ & 180 & ÷ & 9 & = 20 The quotient of 180 and 9 is 20. Therefore, LaShay needs to work about 20 hours to earn $154.24. Note that the goal here is to find an answer quickly, which leads to finding imprecise answers. The exact value will probably be different from this estimation.

b Recall the quotient from Part A that represents the number of hours LaShay needs to work.
154.24 ÷ 9.25 [0.6em] ⇓ [0.6em] 9.25 ) 154.24 This is a division of two decimal numbers. The first step in dividing decimals is to convert the divisor into a whole number. Since the divisor has two decimal places, it will be multiplied by 10^2. Make sure the divided is multiplied by the same number as the divisor.
Now it is a division of two whole numbers. Use long division to calculate the quotient.
Dividing 15424 by 925
The quotient is 16.674 with a remainder of 550. This means that LaShay has to work about 16.7 hours to save enough to buy the drone.
Example

How Far Does the Drone Go?

a LaShay managed to save enough money to buy the drone.
remote controller and drone
External credits: macrovector
The drone can go 115.45 meters in 5 minutes. How far can the drone go in one minute?
b LaShay notices a bee nest on a tree branch while flying the drone in the backyard of the house.

Beehive-on-tree-branch.jpg

Her grandfather, who used to be a beekeeper, tells LaShay the following.

So you want to approximate the number of bees in that hive huh? Well, count the number of bees that leave the hive in one minute. Then multiply it by 3 and divide by 0.014.

LaShay counts 28 bees that leave the nest in one minute. Find the number of bees.

Hint
a Decide if the divisor is a whole number. Then, use long division to divide the decimals.
b What can be done when the divisor is not a whole number? Multiply it by a power of 10.

Solution
a Divide 115.45 by 5 to find how far the drone can travel.
115.45 ÷ 5 [0.6em] ⇓ [0.6em] 5 ) 115.45 The steps for dividing a decimal by a whole number is the same as the steps for dividing whole numbers. However, keep in mind that the decimal point in the quotient is placed above the decimal point of the dividend.
Dividing 115.45 by 5
The result of the division is 23.09. Therefore, the drone can go 23.09 meters in one minute.
b Now, it is time to find the number of bees in the nest. The number of bees that leave the hive in one minute is multiplied by 3, and then divided by 0.014.
(Number of Bees * 3 ) ÷ 0.014 LaShay counts 28 bees that leave the nest in one minute. Multiply this number by 3. cr & 2 0.265cm & 2 8 * & 3 & 8 4 Now, divide this number by 0.014 using long division. 84 ÷ 0.014 [0.6em] ⇓ [0.6em] 0.014 ) 84 In this case, the divisor is a decimal. The first step in dividing decimals is to convert the divisor into a whole number. Since the divisor has three decimal places, it will be multiplied by 10^3. Make sure the divided is multiplied by the same number as the divisor.
Now that this is a division of two whole numbers, they can be divided as usual.
Dividing 84000 by 14
This means that there are about 6000 bees in the nest.
Pop Quiz

Finding the Quotient of Two Decimal Numbers

Divide the decimal numbers. Make sure that the decimal point is placed correctly. Round the answer to two decimal places, if necessary.

Quotient of randomly generated decimals
Closure

Money in the Piggy Bank

When dividing decimals, the divisor is converted into a whole number by multiplying it by a power of 10. However, the dividend must also be multiplied by the same power of 10 to keep the value of the quotient the same. Now take a look at LaShay's piggy bank problem.

Piggy bank
a How many one-hundred dollar bills does she need to make $3000?
b How many ten dollar bills does she need to make $300?
c How many dimes does she need to make $3?
d How many pennies does she need to make $0.3?

Hint
a Use long division to divide 3000 by 100.
b Use long division to divide 300 by 10.
c A dime is worth $0.1. Divide the decimal 3 by 0.1. Rewrite it so that the divisor is 1.
d A penny is worth $0.01. Divide the decimal 0.3 by 0.01.

Solution
a The number of one-hundred dollar bills is found by dividing 3000 by 100.
3000 ÷ 100 Long division can be used to find this quotient.
Dividing 3000 by 100
The quotient is 30. LaShay needs 30 one-hundred dollar bills to make $3000.
b Use the same reasoning as in Part A. Divide 300 by 10 to find the number of ten dollar bills.
300 ÷ 10 This is also equal to 30.
Dividing 300 by 10
LaShay can make $300 with 30 ten dollar bills.
c Recall that a dime is worth $0.1. To find the number of dimes needed to make $3, divide 3 by 0.1.
3 ÷ 0.1 In this case, the divisor is a decimal number. The quotient must be rewritten so that the divisor is a whole number. Multiplying the divisor by 10 will give the desired divisor. Keep in mind that the dividend must also be multiplied by the same number. Quotient 3 ÷ 0.1 ⇓ Multiplied by10 30 ÷ 1 When a number is divided by 1, the result will be the number itself. Check using the division algorithm to see if it really is.
Dividing 30 by 0.1
The result is indeed 30. Therefore, 30 dimes are need to make $3.
d A penny is worth $0.01 and LaShay wants to make $0.3 with pennies. Then, 0.3 must be divided by 0.01 to find the number of pennies she needs.

0.3 ÷ 0.01 Like in the previous part, the divisor is a decimal number. Multiply the divisor and the dividend by 100 to make the divisor a whole number. Quotient 0.3 ÷ 0.01 ⇓ Multiplied by100 30 ÷ 1 After multiplication, the quotient becomes the same quotient as in the previous part. Since 30 divided by 1 is 30, the quotient, 0.3 ÷ 0.01, is also 30. 0.3 ÷ 0.01 = 30 This means that LaShay can make $0.3 using 30 pennies. On a final note, examine the table created using the quotients mentioned in these examples.

Dividend Divisor Quotient
3000 100 30
300 10 30
30 1 30
3 0.1 30
0.3 0.01 30

The numbers in the first columns get smaller downwards by a factor of 10. The same is true for the numbers in the second column. However, the quotient always stays the same. Therefore, when the dividend and divisor both increase by the same factor of 10, the quotient remains the same.


Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Divide Decimals
Exercise 3.1
Find each of the following quotients. I. & 456 ÷ 3 II. & 45.6 ÷ 3 III. & 4.56 ÷ 3 IV. & 0.456 ÷ 3 Write the answers in the given order.
Use the pattern in Part A to divide 0.085 by 5 using mental math.

We want to find the given quotients. We see that the decimal point in the dividend is moved by one place to the right as we go from top to bottom. I. & 456 ÷ 3 II. & 45 .6 ÷ 3 III. & 4 .56 ÷ 3 IV. & 0 .456 ÷ 3 Let's start by finding the first one. Long division is a great way to find it.

The quotient is equal to 152. I. 456 ÷ 3 = 152 Now, we need to divide a decimal 45.6 by a whole number 3. In such cases, we divide just like we would with whole numbers — place the decimal in the quotient directly above its place in the dividend.

The answer to 45.6 ÷ 3 is 15.2. In a similar way, we can find the answer to each quotient. Each time, we will move the decimal point one place to the left.

Quotient Answer
I. 456 ÷ 3 152
II. 45.6 ÷ 3 15.2
III. 4.56 ÷ 3 1.52
IV. 0.456 ÷ 3 0.152

Notice that the number of decimal places in each dividend is the same as the number of decimal places in the corresponding quotient.


In Part A, we see that moving the decimal point in the dividend one place to the left also means moving the decimal point in the quotient one place to the left.

Using the pattern, we can divide 0.085 by 5. We first divide 85 by 5, which gives us 17.

We move the decimal point in the answer by 3 places to the left since there are 4 decimal places in 0.085. 85 ÷ 5 = 17 0.085 ÷ 5 = 0.017

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Divide Decimals

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