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When is a rational expression in simplest form?
No, see solution.
The result of adding or subtracting rational expressions is also a rational expression. A rational expression is in simplest form when its numerator and denominator have no common factors.
| Rational Expression | Factors of Numerator | Factors of Denominator | Simplest Form? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4/x^2 | 2* 2 | x* x | Yes ✓ |
| 2x/x^2 | 2* x | x* x | No * |
| x+1/x^2-1 | x+1 | ( x+1)*(x-1) | No * |
We are wondering whether using the least common denominator (LCD) to add or subtract rational expressions ensures that the answer is in simplest form. Let's consider the following example.
2x^2+5x+2/x^2+x-1/x+1
a/b=a * x/b * x
Identity Property of Multiplication
Distribute x
Subtract fractions
Subtract term
Now we will factor the numerator and the denominator to see if they have any common factors. If they do, it means that our answer is not in simplest form.
Factor out 2
a^2+2ab+b^2=(a+b)^2
a^2=a* a
Factor out x
We can see that the numerator and the denominator have one common factor. Canceling out the common factor will give us the answer in simplest form.
Cancel out common factors
Simplify quotient
Distribute 2
This example shows us that using the LCD to add or subtract rational expressions does not mean that the answer will be in simplest form. It is because the numerator of the result may contain a factor of the LCD.