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OA′=k⋅OA⇔k=OAOA′
The following is a list of a few essential properties of dilations.
The formal proof of this property is beyond the scope of this course. The applet below, however, gives an experimental verification.
The formal proof of this property is beyond the scope of this course. The applet below, however, gives an experimental verification.
Let ∠B′A′C′ be the dilated image of ∠BAC. According to the first property, AC is parallel to A′C′ and AB is parallel to A′B′
Let M be the intersection point of AB and A′C′, and focus on the parallel legs AC and A′C′. According to the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem, angles ∠MAC and ∠AMA′ are congruent.
Similarly, since the other legs are also parallel, angles ∠B′A′M′ and ∠AMA′ are congruent.
Since ∠AMA′ is congruent to both ∠BAC and ∠B′A′C′, the transitive property of congruence implies that these two angles are congruent.
By the definition of congruence, this completes the proof that dilation preserves angle measures.
The methods to construct the image of a point depend on the scale factor.
Use a compass to measure the distance from the center of dilation to the preimage point.
To construct the image when the scale factor is 1/n, the properties of dilation can be used.
Use a straightedge to connect the center of dilation with the preimage point and draw a second ray starting at the center of dilation.
Use a compass to copy the same distance n times on the second ray, starting at the center of dilation. The diagram illustrates the process when n=3.
Mark the first and last point on the second ray. Connect the last point with the preimage point and construct a parallel line through the first point.
The combination of the previous two methods gives the dilation of a point by a scale factor p/q.
Depending on the scale factor, choose the appropriate method to construct the image of the vertices.
Segments are drawn between the image vertices to create the image polygon.
When dilating a figure in the coordinate plane, the coordinates of the figure's vertices are multiplied by the scale factor. The new coordinates, the image's vertices, can then be graphed in the coordinate plane.
First, find the positions for the image's vertices by multiplying the coordinates of the vertices A, B, C and D by the scale factor 3. Multiply each of the x- and y-coordinates by 3.
Preimage | (3x,3y) | Image |
---|---|---|
A(1,2) | (3⋅1,3⋅2) | A′(3,6) |
B(3,1) | (3⋅3,3⋅1) | B′(9,3) |
C(3,-1) | (3⋅3,3(-1)) | C′(9,-3) |
D(1,-1) | (3⋅1,3(-1)) | D′(3,-3) |
The images A′, B′, C′ and D′ are the vertices of the image.
Now, plot the image's vertices A′(3,6), B′(9,2), C′(9,-3) and D′(3,-3) on the coordinate plane.
Finally, the image can be drawn by connecting the image's vertices with segments.
The quadrilateral A′B′C′D′ has the same shape as the preimage ABCD, but the corresponding sides are three times longer. This makes the dilation an enlargement and, since the center of dilation is the origin, the image is further from the origin than the preimage.