Concept

Five-Number Summary

A five-number summary of a data set consists of the following five values.

Minimum value
First quartile $Q_{1}$
Median, or second quartile $Q_{2}$
Third quartile $Q_{3}$
Maximum value

These values provide a summary of the central tendency and spread of the data set. The five-number summary is useful for understanding the variability in a data set. When the data set is written in numerical order, the median divides the data set into two halves. The median of the lower half is the first quartile

Q_{1}

and the median of the upper half is the third quartile

Q_{3} .

Five-number summary is applied to different data sets

The five-number summary describes the distribution of data values.

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The five-number summary can be represented with a box plot. Each of the five numbers is labeled accordingly.

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