A
set is a collection of well-defined unique objects called
elements. Sets are often illustrated by a , but there are several other ways to visualize them.
Verbal Description
|
All negative greater than -5.
|
Roster Notation
|
{-1,-2,-3,-4}
|
Set-Builder Notation
|
{x ∣ x is a negative integer greater than -5}
|
Each way of describing a set will be discussed and a corresponding example will be shown.
Verbal Description
A set can be described in words as long as there is no ambiguity of whether any particular object belongs to the set. For example,
the set of delicious dishes
is not a valid description because
delicious is not well-defined. However,
the set of desserts with chocolate
is valid because including chocolate is an objective description.
Example Set I:Example Set II:Example Set III: Desserts with chocolate Capital cities of the world European countries
Listing Method or Roster Notation
In listing method or
roster notation, the elements of a set can be shown within curly brackets and separated by commas. The order of the elements is not relevant.
Verbal Description:Roster Notation: Factors of 9 {1,3,9}
Furthermore, the elements of a set are only considered once and their original order can be disregarded. In the example below, a set is created with the numbers of a given list.
List: 3, 3, 1, 2↓Set: {1,2,3}
Although the number
3 occurs twice in the list, it is written only once in the set .
Set-Builder Notation
In
set-builder notation, sets are described by stating the common characteristics of its elements. To do this, a followed by
∣
or
:
is written. Then, the common characteristics of the elements are defined. Finally, the whole notation is enclosed in curly brackets.
{-3,-1,1,3,5,…}↓{x ∣ x is an odd integer greater than -3}
The symbols
∣
and
:
are read as
such that.
The above example can be read as
the set of all numbers x such that x is an integer greater than negative 3.