Concept

Box Plot

A box plot, or box and whisker plot, can be used to illustrate the distribution of a data set. A box plot has three parts.

A rectangular box that extends from the first to the third quartiles $(Q_{1}$ and $Q_{3})$ with a line between $Q_{1}$ and $Q_{3}$ indicating the position of the median.
A segment attached to the left of the box that extends from the first quartile to the minimum of the data set.
A segment attached to the right of the box that extends from the third quartile to the maximum of the data set. The two segments are called whiskers.

If a data set has outliers, they are marked as separate points to the left and/or right of the whiskers. A box plot is a scaled figure and is usually presented above a number line. The set of numbers used to draw the box plot is called the five-number summary of the data set. Each of the five numbers is labeled below.

Boxplot shown above a number line with a five-number summary from left to right as 1, 3, 5, 8, 10.

A box plot provides a visual illustration of the distribution of a data set. Each segment of the plot contains one quarter, or $25 %,$ of the data, and the center $50 %$ of the data lies inside the box. The further apart the segments are, the greater the spread is for that quarter of the data.

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