Solving Absolute Value Equations

Concept

Absolute Value

The absolute value of a number a is the distance between a and 0 on the number line. It is denoted as |a| and it is always a non-negative value.

Interactive number line illustrating the concept of absolute value

The absolute value is defined for any real number. The absolute value of a negative number is its opposite value, while the absolute value of a positive number is equal to itself. |a| = a &if a≥ 0 - a &if a < 0

Absolute Value Properties

There are several properties and identities that are useful when simplifying expressions or solving equations dealing with absolute values. For any two real numbers a and b, the following relationships and identities hold true.

Property Algebraic Representation
Non-negativity |a| ≥ 0
Symmetry | - a| = |a|
Idempotence ||a|| = |a|
Positive-definiteness |a| = 0 ⇔ a = 0
Identity of Indiscernibles |a − b| = 0 ⇔ a = b
Multiplicativity |ab| = |a| * |b|
Preservation of Division |a/b|=|a|/|b| if b ≠ 0
Subadditivity |a + b| ≤ |a| + |b|
Triangle Inequality |a − b| ≤ |a − c| + |c − b|
Exercises
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