We can describe this transformation as vertical translation 2 units up. It means that the graph of the given function was shifted 2 units up.
b
Using the function f(x), we want to evaluate for the given value, f( 2x). To do this, we need to substitute 2x for x in each instance of the x-variable and simplify.
We can describe this transformation as horizontal stretch by a factor of 2. As a result the slope becomes twice as steep.
c
Using the function f(x), we want to evaluate for the given value, f( x+2). To do this, we need to substitute x+2 for x in each instance of the x-variable and simplify.
