Big Ideas Math Geometry, 2014
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Big Ideas Math Geometry, 2014 View details
5. Permutations and Combinations
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Exercise 23 Page 704

Start by listing all of the permutations. Then, to obtain the combinations cross out any duplicate triplets.

20

Practice makes perfect
We want to count the possible combinations of 3 letters chosen from the list U, V, W, X, Y, Z. Let's start by listing all of the permutations of 3 letters from the list. Permutations [0.8em] UVW UVX UVY UVZ UWV UWX UWY UWZ UXV UXW UXY UXZ UYV UYW UYX UYZ UZV UZX UZW UZY [0.8em] VUW VUX VUY VUZ VWU VWX VWY VWZ VXU VXW VXY VXZ VYU VYW VYX VYZ VZU VZW VZX VZY [0.8em] WUV WUX WUY WUZ WVU WVX WVY WVZ WXU WXV WXY WXZ WYU WYV WYX WYZ WZU WZV WZX WZY [0.8em] XUV XUW XUY XUZ XVU XVW XVY XVZ XWU XWV XWY XWZ XYU XYV XYW XYZ XZU XZV XZW XZY [0.8em] YUV YUW YUX YUZ YVU YVW YVX YVZ YWU YWV YWX YWZ YXU YXV YXW YXZ YZU YZV YZW YZX [0.8em] ZUV ZUW ZUX ZUY ZVU ZVW ZVX ZVY ZWU ZWV ZWX ZWY ZXU ZXV ZXW ZXY ZYU ZYV ZYW ZYX

Now, because the order is not important in a combination, we will cross out any duplicate triplets. Keep in mind that any outcome with the same letters, regardless of the order, is the same triplet. For example, UVW and UWV are the same triplet. \begin{gathered} {\color{#0000FF}{\text{UVW}}} \quad {\color{#009600}{\text{UVX}}} \quad {\color{#FF0000}{\text{UVY}}} \quad {\color{#FD9000}{\text{UVZ}}}\\ {\color{#0000FF}{\cancel\text{UWV}}} \quad {\color{#A800DD}{\text{UWX}}} \quad {\color{#FF00FF}{\text{UWY}}} \quad \textcolor{#800000}{\text{UWZ}}\\ {\color{#009600}{\cancel\text{UXV}}} \quad {\color{#A800DD}{\cancel\text{UXW}}} \quad \textcolor{#00ff00}{\text{UXY}} \quad \textcolor{#000080}{\text{UXZ}}\\ {\color{#FF0000}{\cancel\text{UYV}}} \quad {\color{#FF00FF}{\cancel\text{UYW}}} \quad \textcolor{#00ff00}{\cancel\text{UYX}} \quad \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\text{UYZ}}\\ {\color{#FD9000}{\cancel\text{UZV}}} \quad \textcolor{#000080}{\cancel\text{UZX}} \quad \textcolor{#800000}{\cancel\text{UZW}} \quad \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\cancel\text{UZY}}\\[0.8em] {\color{#0000FF}{\cancel\text{VUW}}} \quad {\color{#009600}{\cancel\text{VUX}}} \quad {\color{#FF0000}{\cancel\text{VUY}}} \quad {\color{#FD9000}{\cancel\text{VUZ}}}\\ {\color{#0000FF}{\cancel\text{VWU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\text{VWX}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\text{VWY}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\text{VWZ}}\\ {\color{#009600}{\cancel\text{VXU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\cancel\text{VXW}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\text{VXY}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\text{VXZ}}\\ {\color{#FF0000}{\cancel\text{VYU}}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\cancel\text{VYW}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\cancel\text{VYX}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\text{VYZ}}\\ {\color{#FD9000}{\cancel\text{VZU}}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\cancel\text{VZW}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\cancel\text{VZX}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\cancel\text{VZY}}\\[0.8em] {\color{#0000FF}{\cancel\text{WUV}}} \quad {\color{#A800DD}{\cancel\text{WUX}}} \quad {\color{#FF00FF}{\cancel\text{WUY}}} \quad \textcolor{#800000}{\cancel\text{WUZ}}\\ {\color{#0000FF}{\cancel\text{WVU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\cancel\text{WVX}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\cancel\text{WVY}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\cancel\text{WVZ}}\\ {\color{#A800DD}{\cancel\text{WXU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\cancel\text{WXV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\text{WXY}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\text{WXZ}}\\ {\color{#FF00FF}{\cancel\text{WYU}}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\cancel\text{WYV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\cancel\text{WYX}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\text{WYZ}}\\ \textcolor{#800000}{\cancel\text{WZU}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\cancel\text{WZV}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\cancel\text{WZX}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\cancel\text{WZY}}\\[0.8em] {\color{#009600}{\cancel\text{XUV}}} \quad {\color{#A800DD}{\cancel\text{XUW}}} \quad \textcolor{#00ff00}{\cancel\text{XUY}} \quad \textcolor{#000080}{\cancel\text{XUZ}}\\ {\color{#009600}{\cancel\text{XVU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\cancel\text{XVW}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\cancel\text{XVY}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\cancel\text{XVZ}}\\ {\color{#A800DD}{\cancel\text{XWU}}} \quad \textcolor{#808000}{\cancel\text{XWV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\cancel\text{XWY}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\cancel\text{XWZ}}\\ \textcolor{#00ff00}{\cancel\text{XYU}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\cancel\text{XYV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\cancel\text{XYW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\text{XYZ}}\\ \textcolor{#000080}{\cancel\text{XZU}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\cancel\text{XZV}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\cancel\text{XZW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\cancel\text{XZY}}\\[0.8em] {\color{#FF0000}{\cancel\text{YUV}}} \quad {\color{#FF00FF}{\cancel\text{YUW}}} \quad \textcolor{#00ff00}{\cancel\text{YUX}} \quad \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\cancel\text{YUZ}}\\ {\color{#FF0000}{\cancel\text{YVU}}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\cancel\text{YVW}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\cancel\text{YVX}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\cancel\text{YVZ}}\\ {\color{#FF00FF}{\cancel\text{YWU}}} \quad \textcolor{#6495ed}{\cancel\text{YWV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\cancel\text{YWX}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\cancel\text{YWZ}}\\ \textcolor{#00ff00}{\cancel\text{YXU}} \quad \textcolor{#ff1493}{\cancel\text{YXV}} \quad \textcolor{#adff2f}{\cancel\text{YXW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\text{YXZ}}\\ \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\cancel\text{YZU}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\cancel\text{YZV}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\cancel\text{YZW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\cancel\text{YZX}}\\[0.8em] {\color{#FD9000}{\cancel\text{ZUV}}} \quad \textcolor{#800000}{\cancel\text{ZUW}} \quad \textcolor{#000080}{\cancel\text{ZUX}} \quad \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\cancel\text{ZUY}}\\ {\color{#FD9000}{\cancel\text{ZVU}}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\cancel\text{ZVW}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\cancel\text{ZVX}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\cancel\text{ZVY}}\\ \textcolor{#800000}{\cancel\text{ZWU}} \quad \textcolor{#008b8b}{\cancel\text{ZWV}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\cancel\text{ZWX}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\cancel\text{ZWY}}\\ \textcolor{#000080}{\cancel\text{ZXU}} \quad \textcolor{#00bfff}{\cancel\text{ZXV}} \quad \textcolor{#ff4500}{\cancel\text{ZXW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\cancel\text{ZXY}}\\ \textcolor{#7fffd4}{\cancel\text{ZYU}} \quad \textcolor{#daa520}{\cancel\text{ZYV}} \quad \textcolor{#cd853f}{\cancel\text{ZYW}} \quad \textcolor{#ffd700}{\cancel\text{ZYX}} \end{gathered} Let's finally list the possible combinations. Combinations UVW UVX UVY UVZ UWX UWY UWZ UXY UXZ UYZ VWX VWY VWZ VXY VXZ VYZ WXY WXZ WYZ XYZ We see that there are 20 possible combinations of 3 letters chosen from the list U, V, W, X, Y, Z.