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In this example, the store sells 2 types of notebooks — one with a spiral binding and one without. Each notebook type comes in 3 different colors — blue, red, and green. According to the Fundamental Counting Principle, there are 2×3=6 different outcomes for what notebook a customer may buy.
As mentioned above, this principle holds true only if the events are independent of each other. If the events are dependent, multiplying the number of possible outcomes for each event will not be correct. Considering the previous example, suppose now that the spiral-bound notebooks came only in red.
There are still 2 types of notebooks and a total of 3 colors for the non spiral bound notebooks. However, the possible number of different notebooks a customer may buy is not 2×3=6. Rather, it is 4. This happens because, in this case, the possible colors for a notebook depend on the type of notebook.