Division by zero is not defined. This means that the denominator cannot be zero.
Practice makes perfect
To graph the given rational function, we will find its domain, asymptotes, and intercepts. Then, we will find points using a table of values. Finally, we will plot and connect those points.
Domain
Consider the given function.
y=x^2+6x+9/x+3
Recall that division by zero is not defined. Therefore, the rational function is undefined where x+3=0.
x+3=0 ⇔ x=- 3
This means that x=- 3 is not included in the domain.
Domain
All real numbers except x=- 3
Once again, let's consider the given function.
y=x^2+6x+9/x+3
Notice that the numerator can be factored. Let's factor this expression and cancel out any common factors between the numerator and the denominator.
We canceled out the factor x+3. Therefore, the graph has hole at x=3. The graph does not have a vertical asymptote.
Horizontal Asymptotes
To find the horizontal asymptotes, we can use a set of rules. To properly use these rules, in the following table m and n must be the highest degree of the numerator and denominator.
y=ax^m/bx^n
Asymptote
m
y=0
m>n
none
m=n
y=a/b
Now, consider the function one more time. Let's look at the degrees of the numerator and denominator for our function.
y=x^2+6x+9/x^1+3
We can see that the degree of the denominator is lower than the degree of the numerator. Therefore, there is no horizontal asymptote.
Intercepts
The intercepts of the function are the points at which the graph intersects the axes.
x-intercepts
The x-intercepts are the points where the graph intersects the x-axis. At these points, the value of the y-coordinate is zero. Let's substitute 0 for y in the given function and solve for x.
We found that if y=0, the value of x is -3. However, x=-3 is not included in the domain of the function. Therefore, there are no x-intercepts.
y-intercept
The y-intercept is the point where the graph intersects the y-axis. At this point, the value of the x-coordinate is zero.
Let's substitute 0 for x in the given function and solve for y.
