The next step in simplifying this expression is to identify which, if any, terms can be combined. Remember, only like terms — constant terms or terms with the same variable and the same exponent — can be combined.
5a^2 - 4 + a^2 - 2a + 12 + 4a^2 - 6a + 8
We have three types of like terms: three a^2-terms, two a-terms, and three constants. To simplify the expression we will rearrange it according to the Commutative Property of Addition and then combine like terms.