Area and Volume Scale Factors

Rule

Volumes of Similar Solids

If two figures are similar, then the ratio of their volumes is equal to the cube of the ratio of their corresponding side lengths.

Let Solid A and Solid B be similar solids and V_1 and V_2 be their respective volumes. The length scale factor between corresponding linear measures is ab. Given these characteristics, the following conditional statement holds true.

SolidA ~ SolidB ⇒ V_1/V_2 = (a/b)^3

Proof

The statement will be proven for similar rectangular prisms, but this proof can be adapted to prove other similar solids. As shown in the diagram, let a_1, a_2, and a_3 be the dimensions of Solid A and b_1, b_2, and b_3 be the dimensions of Solid B.

The volume of a rectangular prism is the product of its base area and its height.

Volume of Solid A Volume of Solid B
V_1 = a_1* a_2 * a_3 V_2 = b_1 * b_2 * b_3

By the definition of similar solids, the side lengths are proportional and equal to the scale factor ab. a_1/b_1=a/b [1.1em] a_2/b_2=a/b [1.1em] a_3/b_3=a/b ⇔ a_1 = b_1 * a/b [1.1em] a_2 = b_2 * a/b [1.1em] a_3 = b_3 * a/b The next step is to substitute the expressions for a_1, a_2, and a_3 into the formula for V_1, the volume of Solid A.

V_1 = a_1 * a_2 * a_3
V_1 = ( b_1 * a/b) ( b_2 * a/b) ( b_3 * a/b)
Simplify right-hand side
V_1 = b_1 * a/b * b_2 * a/b * b_3 * a/b
V_1 = a/b * a/b * a/b * b_1 * b_2 * b_3
V_1 = (a/b )^3 * b_1 * b_2 * b_3
V_1 = (a/b )^3 (b_1 * b_2 * b_3)

Notice that the expression on the right-hand side is ( ab )^3 times the volume of Solid B.

V_1 = (a/b )^3 (b_1 * b_2 * b_3)
V_1 = (a/b )^3 V_2
V_1/V_2 = (a/b )^3

As shown, the ratio of the volumes of the similar prisms is equal to the cube of the ratio of their corresponding linear measures. This ratio is also called the volume scale factor.

Scale Factor & & Volume Scale Factor a/b & ⇒ & V_1/V_2 = (a/b )^3

Exercises
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