Rule

Square of a Binomial

When a binomial is squared, the resulting expression is a perfect square trinomial.

(a + b)^2=a^2 + 2ab+b^2 (a - b)^2=a^2 - 2ab+b^2

For simplicity, depending on the sign of the binomial, these two identities can be expressed as one.

(a ± b)^2=a^2 ± 2ab+b^2

Proof

This rule will be first proven for (a+b)^2 and then for (a-b)^2.

(a+b)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2

This identity can be shown by first rewriting the square as a product.

(a + b)^2
(a + b)(a + b)
Multiply parentheses
a(a+b) + b(a + b)
a^2+ab + b(a + b)
a^2+ab + ba + b^2
a^2+ab + ab + b^2
a^2+2ab+ b^2

It has been shown that (a+b)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2.

(a-b)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2

In this case, when one term of the binomial is subtracted from the other, the middle term of the perfect square trinomial will instead be negative.

(a + b)^2
(a - b)(a - b)
Multiply parentheses
a(a-b) - b(a - b)
a^2-ab - b(a - b)
a^2-ab - ba + b^2
a^2-ab - ab + b^2
a^2-2ab+ b^2

It has been shown that (a-b)^2=a^2-2ab+b^2.

Exercises
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