Rule

Side-Side-Side Congruence Theorem

If the three sides of a triangle are congruent to the three sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Based on the diagram above, the theorem can be written as follows.

AB ≅ DE BC ≅ EF AC ≅ DF ⇒ △ ABC ≅ △ DEF

Proof

Side-Side-Side Congruence Theorem
This proof will be developed based on the given diagram, but it is valid for any pair of triangles.

The primary purpose of this proof is finding a rigid motion or sequence of rigid motions that maps one triangle onto the other. This can be done in several ways. One of them will be shown here.

1
Translate △ DEF So That Two Corresponding Vertices Match
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Translate △ DEF so that D is mapped onto A. If this translation maps △ DEF onto △ ABC, the proof is complete.

Translation of ABC

Since the image of the translation does not match △ ABC, at least one more transformation is needed.

2
Rotate △ AE'F' So That Two Corresponding Sides Match
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Rotate △ AE'F' counterclockwise about A so that a pair of corresponding sides matches. If the image of this transformation is △ ABC, the proof is complete. Note that this rotation maps E' onto B. Consequently, AE' is mapped onto AB.

Rotation of AE'F' about A

As before, the image does not match △ ABC. Therefore, a third rigid motion is required.

3
Reflect △ ABF'' So That Two More Corresponding Sides Match
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The points C and F'' are on opposite sides of AB. Now, consider CF'. Let G denote the point of intersection between AB and CF''.

It can be noted that AC = AF'' and BC = BF''. By the Converse Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, AB is a perpendicular bisector of CF''. Points along the perpendicular bisector are equidistant from the endpoints of the segment, so CG = GF''.

Finally, F'' can be mapped onto C by a reflection across AB by reflecting △ ABF'' across AB. Because reflections preserve angles, AF'' and BF'' are mapped onto AC and BC, respectively.

Reflecting ABF'' across line AB

This time the image matches △ ABC.

Consequently, the application of a sequence of rigid motions allows △ DEF to be mapped onto △ ABC. This means that △ DEF and △ ABC are congruent triangles. The proof is complete.

Exercises
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