Rule

Multiplication Property of Inequality

Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a nonzero real number z produces an equivalent inequality. The following conditions about z need to be considered when applying this property.

Positive z If z is positive, the inequality sign remains the same.
Negative z If z is negative, the inequality sign needs to be reversed to produce an equivalent inequality.

For example, let x, y, and z be real numbers such that x< y and z≠0. Then, the equivalent inequalities can be written depending on the sign of z.

  • If x< y and z> 0, then xz< yz.
  • If x< y and z< 0, then xz> yz.

This property holds for the other types of inequalities.

The Multiplication Property of Inequality for All Types of Inequalities

Proof

Multiplication Property of Inequality
The case when x

  • x< y if and only if y-x>0.
  • If x and y are positive, then xy> 0.
  • If z is negative, then - z is positive.

Using these properties, the following conditional statements can be proven.

  • If x< y and z> 0, then xz< yz.
  • If x< y and z< 0, then xz> yz.

Each conditional statement will be analyzed separately.

When z Is Greater Than 0

As it is given that x< y, then by the first property, it is known that y-x is greater than 0. x< y ⇔ y-x>0 Furthermore, because z> 0, from the second property, it can be stated that the product of z and y-x is also greater than 0. y-x>0 &and z>0 &⇓ z(y-&x)>0 Now the second part of this conditional statement can be rewritten using the Distributive Property. z(y-x)>0 ⇔ zy-zx>0 From the first property, it can be said that zy-zx>0 if and only if zx

If x0, then zx

When z Is Less Than 0

The following statement is valid because x0 Additionally, since z<0, it follows that - z is positive by the third property. Moreover, the product of - z and y-z will be positive. y-x>0 &and - z>0 &⇓ - z(y-&x)>0 Now - z can be distributed in the second part of the statement.

- z(y-x)>0
Simplify
(- z)y-(- z)x>0
- zy-(- zx)>0
- zy+zx>0
zx>zy

Finally, the property has been proven because x

If xzy.

Exercises
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