Qualitative Graphs

Construction

Sketching Qualitative Graphs

The key elements of a situation are visually represented in qualitative graphs. When a situation is described verbally, a rough sketch of its graph can be drawn. Consider the example.

Example Situation

Paulina begins to run at a steady rate. While jogging downhill, she speeds up at an increasing rate. Her speed remains constant for a while. Finally, she begins to slow down at a steady rate until she comes eventually to a complete stop at the end of her run.

The qualitative graph of such a situation can be drawn in two steps.

1
Draw the Axes
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In the given situation, two variables can be identified — time and Paulina's speed. Time is the independent variable and speed is the dependent variable, so the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents speed.

2
Sketch the Shape of the Graph
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The given situation consists of four different parts, or intervals.

  • Part 1: Paulina runs at a constant rate.
  • Part 2: She speeds up at an increasing rate.
  • Part 3: She runs at a constant speed.
  • Part 4: She slows down at a steady rate until she stops.

The graph can be temporarily split into four parts. These parts do not have to be placed at equal intervals because this is a rough sketch.

The starting point of the graph is the origin because the time Paulina starts running is considered to be 0 and her starting speed is 0. A constant rate means that the changes in one variable relative to another variable are always the same. This part of Paulina's run can be represented by a line segment with a positive slope starting from the origin.

Her speed then increases faster and faster as she runs downhill. This part of the graph can be drawn as a curve that becomes steeper.

After that phase, she runs at a constant speed — that is, her speed remains the same for an amount of time. This can be represented by a horizontal line segment.

Finally, her speed decreases at a constant rate for the rest of the run. This part should be a decreasing line segment and continue until it touches the horizontal axis.

As a final step, get rid of the temporary auxiliary lines.

This qualitative graph represents Paulina's speed throughout her run as described. Keep in mind that this is just a rough sketch. Due to a lack of numerical data, certain parts can appear longer, steeper, or flatter.

Exercises
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