Operations With Radical Expressions

Method

Adding and Subtracting Radicals

Two radicals can be added or subtracted if it is possible to rewrite them as like radical expressions. Use the Distributive Property to add or subtract like radicals.

asqrt(x) + bsqrt(x) = ( a + b) sqrt(x)
asqrt(x) - bsqrt(x) = ( a - b) sqrt(x)

For example, consider the following radical expressions. sqrt(x^5 y^3) and sqrt(16xy^7) In order to add these expressions, there are three steps to follow. Note that subtraction of the radicals can be performed by applying the same three steps, only instead of adding the like radicals, they will be subtracted.

1
Simplify the Radicals to Have the Same Index and Radicand
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Start by rewriting the expressions as like radicals. To do so, split the radicands into factors and use the properties of radicals.

sqrt(x^5 y^3) + sqrt(16xy^7)
Rewrite
sqrt(x^5 * y^3) + sqrt(16* x* y^7)
sqrt(x^(4+1) * y^3) + sqrt(16* x* y^(4+3))
sqrt(x^4 * x^1 * y^3) + sqrt(16* x* y^4* y^3)
sqrt(x^4 * x^1 * y^3) + sqrt(16 * y^4* x* y^3)
sqrt(x^4) * sqrt(x^1 * y^3) + sqrt(16 * y^4)* sqrt(x* y^3)
sqrt(x^4) * sqrt(x * y^3) + sqrt(16 * y^4)* sqrt(x* y^3)

sqrt(a^4)=|a|

|x| * sqrt(x * y^3) + sqrt(16 * y^4)* sqrt(x* y^3)
|x| * sqrt(x * y^3) + sqrt(2^4 * y^4)* sqrt(x* y^3)
|x| * sqrt(x * y^3) + sqrt((2y)^4)* sqrt(x* y^3)

sqrt(a^4)=|a|

|x| * sqrt(x * y^3) + |2y|* sqrt(x* y^3)
|x| sqrt(xy^3) + |2y| sqrt(xy^3)

Since both the index and the radicand of the roots are identical, they are like radical expressions.

2
Add or Subtract Like Radicals
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Now, like radical expressions can by added by using the Distributive Property. |x| sqrt(xy^3) + |2y| sqrt(xy^3) [0.3em] ⇕ [0.3em] (|x| + |2y|)sqrt(xy^3)
3
Simplify the Result as Necessary
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The signs of the x- and y-variables are not given. This means that the expression in parentheses cannot be further simplified and the result of the addition is as follows. (|x| + |2y|)sqrt(xy^3)

Exercises
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